Proteins differentially expressed in the aging hippocampus
In their review of the "neuroproteome" associated with aging and cognitive decline, VanGuilder and Freeman discuss some of the technical approaches and findings in the field.
This illustrative figure shows some of the major cellular players involved and lists some example proteins involved in four important pathways:
As you can see, many proteins have been implicated, although the degree of up-/down-regulation of these proteins is not fully elucidated.
The authors mention the value of standardizing efforts to profile the proteome in important brain regions across the lifespan of rodent models. This step would make these results more robustly quantitative and help iterate towards a consensus.
Reference
VanGuilder H. D. and Freeman W. M (2011) The hippocampal neuroproteome with aging and cognitive decline: past progress and future directions. Front. Ag. Neurosci. 3:8. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2011.00008